How is the Ejection Fraction (EF) calculated?

The Ejection Fraction (EF) is a crucial measurement in cardiology that indicates how much blood is pumped out of the heart during each contraction relative to the total amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of filling (end-diastolic volume). It is calculated by taking the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood ejected during one heartbeat, and dividing it by the end-diastolic volume, which represents the total volume of blood in the ventricle just before contraction.

This calculation, expressed as a percentage, provides essential insights into the heart's pumping efficiency. A normal ejection fraction typically ranges from 55% to 70%. By using the relationship between stroke volume and end-diastolic volume, clinicians can assess cardiac function and identify potential heart issues, such as heart failure.

The choice that involves heart rate or blood pressure does not relate to the calculation of ejection fraction, as they represent different measurements of heart function and overall cardiovascular status.